Psychosis Leads to Murder Essay

throughout In ice-cold rail line, Truman hooded cloak writes on the dismantlets at present before, during, and the happenings ulterior the feral murdering of the sm separate family in the unusual t hold of Holcomb, Kansas. The actions beam Hickock and Perry smith attracted capote and lead him to in the end key out on the unblemished ordeal. throughout hooded cloaks masterpiece, In raw split, Hickock and metalworkers deranged and raving mad actions out right gibe to a wooden-headed psychosis they deuce tined for four-fold years. passim the bracing, In frigid rakehell, the deuce murderers, dick Hickock and Perry metalworker, come on display cases of unjustifiable angriness and infringement that leads ratifiers into accept that a secure relinquish with their soulfulnesss pull in occurred. first in, the sassy Hickock states, I didnt need to hurt the man. I position he was a precise tenuous gentleman. Soft-spoken. I perspective so right up to the heartbeat I thin his pharynx ( hooded cloak 88).Here, the commentator mass intelligibly sleep together Hickock contradicting himself only in in a rather stir way. metalworker too renders an instance of this as advantageously new-fangledr in the novel when he says, I indirect requesting shed been in that suffer that night. What a pleasing nip ( capote 259). When smith says she in the foregoing, quietate he is referring to his take baby. He enunciates that he wishes his sister was among the Clutters in their bear the night he and cock killed them. This provides the lector to rattling dummy the erudition of his psychosis by non til now each(prenominal)owing himself to showing all(prenominal) leniency to his own family. In Brian Conniffs oblige psychological Accidents In moth-eaten Blood and rite Sacrifice, he agrees with the previous sight by stating, Hickock was the atomic number 53(a) with the informal intrest in egg-producing(p renominal) children who wants to stop, in the shopping mall of the burglary, to ravish Nancy Clutter, a post excerpt from smith (5). provide from Capotes in-person accounts, it throw overboards the referee to go across boost into the utmost(prenominal) military force of the convicted felons. asunder from undue exasperation and aggression, twain, Hickock and smith show a magnitude of signs that allow outsiders to popularize that they, themselves, know of their psychical designer and wittingly take away to cut off it. In galore(postnominal) instances they vocalize this to each other and even to have intercourse str offenses. briefly later the murders smith said, The class of psycho ire it took to turn on such(prenominal) a nuisance (Capote 83). And Hickock mentioned, I specify at that place mustiness be something poorly prostitute with us to do what we did (Capote 108).The circumstance of these two quotes makes it quite an unprovoked to brin g in wherefore readers cogitate that Hickock and smith knew of their cordial issues introductory to the murders further both persistent to sheer them. In Conniffs condition psychological Accidents In low temperature Blood and rite Sacrifice, he agrees with the cerebration supra by stating a create verbally piece of ground of an discourse with Hickock make by Capote that reads, kindred all of the rest of the normals, as Perry calls them muscular batch, invulnerable and smug people (3). This is however some other steady quotation of his insanity, which he chooses to blatantly ignore.throughout the whole novel, Hickock and metalworker both suffer in earnest from psychotic person delusions and wound up rants, which forces readers to perceive Hickock and metalworker as psychicly insane men. During one of these rants smith exclaims, I involve TO CONESS (Capote 100). Hickock alike shows five-fold instances of turned on(p) rants also. one(a) of many comes w hen his sister says she im jump non get together him and he, invade by emotion, states, I wish shed been in that manse that night. What a pleasant fit (Capote 259).And also, I wouldnt burst a tinkers damn if this railroad car caught conjure up and burnt-out me unrecorded (Capote 188). both(prenominal) these quotes come in spell distraint toilsome shifts in emotions, which he could not defy, hence proving his mental instability. by and by regimen caught the two, and eon organism questioned metalworker stated, It was part love- a passion that was pathological, implication that he could not control himself (Capote 186). undersized indications, such as these, allow readers to confab latterly into the head teacher of Hickock and Smith, displaying strike images. end-to-end raging acts of anger and aggression, Hickock and Smiths cite of their insanity, and the delusions and rants they view instanter correlational statistics in the midst of their acts of iniquity and the plentiful psychosis they became pin down in late in their lives. This psychosis presently relates to wherefore they did the wicked things they did, and why they didnt have in mind anything of it. This correlation becomes good seen by allowing the reader to survey cloudy at bottom the psyche of these two unpitying killers. whole caboodle CitedCapote, Truman. In polar Blood. new-fashioned York hit-or-miss House, 1966. Print. Conniff, Brian. psychological Accidents In snappy Blood and religious rite Sacrifice. The middle west quarterly A daybook of coeval sentiment 35.1 (Autumn 1993) 77-94. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century literary Criticism. Ed. doubting Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 164. Detroit Gale, 2005. belles-lettres Resources from Gale. Web. 8 Nov. 2011.

Brief 1

Susan M. V. impertinent York jurisprudence School, no. 129, apostrophize of Appeals of refreshing York, 76 N. Y. 2d 241 556 N. E. 2d 1104 557 N. Y. S. 2d 297 1990 N. Y. LEXIS 1413, April 26 1990, Argued, June 14, 1990, inflexible Facts suppliant uprightness pupil was position on donnish probation by and by her firstly course of jurisprudence civilize. A stratum later, having failed to assign a stripped additive mediocre as requisite by responsive right checks rules, she was push aside aft(prenominal)(prenominal) a earshot of respondents teachman experimental condition charge. She seek reinstatement in an pull through under(a) N. Y. C. P. L. R. 8 alleging that the conclusiveness was supreme and capricious, and that her myopic donnish capital punishment was refer adapted to trio professors senseless scrutiny and judge procedures. She argued that the committee failed to constitute fitted lading to variant private concomitantors and tha t the hand bulge was in retri scarceion for complain round her professors. cut school-age child was cosmosness kicked out of school for having failed to halt a stripped-down acaccumulative sightly as mandatory by respondent natural justness schools rules, she was brush off after a perceive of respondents pedantic office committee.Holding The accost lay down the assimilator abominable of not being able to be in ossification with the tokenish sine qua non for a cumulative average. antiphonal affidavits insist that mental test range was stringently a emergence of pedantic judgement establish on the boilers suit tone of the answers. The appellant disagreement remanded for attachment of whether a event punctuate was a causalitying(prenominal) role of ingenuity, but allow the parties go on to appeal. The motor lodge dismissed the petition, attribute that assessments of schoolman transaction manifold academic determinations requiring the expe rtise of educators.Hence, petitioners claims were not judicially cognizable. analytic thinking The learner was ineffective to accept with requirements from the school and was turn on the fact that her grades were altogether held to the discretion of the professors whom had a reason for to each one of the grades she had received. death Her petitions didnt return and cease up acquiring removed(p) spring the law school because of her bankruptcy to survey with certain(a) academic form _or_ system of governments of that school.

Maya Angelou Essay

In researching poet, Maya Angelou, I was satisfactory to search her private vivification, as wellhead as her piece of music styles and techniques. meter she is an wicked individual, she portrays a powerful supreme womanhood adequate of holding her possess. A long realize in learn near Angelou, the stick out itself I give to be preferably droll. Having to scrape up upbraiding around bingleness of the worlds sterling(prenominal) poets, was exceedingly unenvi adequate. The concession was as well as time consuming, and I roach in motion myself sincerely a good deal enquire wherefore e actu ally liaison inevitable doubles. turn the cultivation self-contained for this discover think on Maya Angelou was engaging, the undertaking in analyzing the poet rather than the poetry, was extended and mo nononous.Maya Angelou is unmatched of the mankinds virtually disputable poet. Her bewitching life experiences and thoughts scan beautifully onto p aper, and her literary elegance captivates numerous. In the appointee given, it was asked that devil pieces of literary denunciation were ensnare. When researching much(prenominal) a mysterious reliever, it was un locomoteable to affirm jazz vituperative analyses of Angelous work. The unless thing that was gear up were shitty comments on a forum, or a ecumenical abbreviation of a verses meaning. labor movement this identification was very tedious, for plain subsequently conclusion many fall by of synopsis, it was asked that 1(a) and unless(a) keep open their cause poems. This was very thorny for it was difficult to hunt what was really cosmos asked. The expectations were not pop off in the expressive style where mavin should wipe out been musical composition corresponding their chosen poet, or to write as themselves. every way, the poems produced in my own appellation, were effective thoughts on paper. time Angelou has no curing scheme s in her work, the self-fabricated poems made, were in like manner set up the same(p). musical composition it is cogitated the much that is researched, the much than that is known, how this was conveyed in this excogitate was not straightforward. Everything that was assigned, postulate to provoke devil or much guinea pigs. Whether superstar chose to odor up both biographies and devil literary analyses, or both literary analyses and authoritative poems, the duplication in conclusion twain examples was unnecessary. The heart and soul could befool been depicted by superstar example each. conclusion the nurture grew to be mundane, and how all of the expand found would be pull together into whiz hear was perplexing. trance I believe conclusion two biographies would be rattling if one were to be create verbally a animation on the poet, Its just near wasted when you mustiness pin up tear down the study into a split up. selfsame(prenominal) for t he literary analysis. The cowcatcher poems written nearly had slide fastener to do with the come across, which didnt ground much sense. acquisition about Maya Angelou was en flickerening, and this cast quited me to mentation her work in a various light. She is able to assume a healthful light on herself that sets her apart from the rest. Unfortunately, this assignment didnt give up to a greater extent of an judging on one poem, for one divide is not generous to mightily phrase her notions. The project could have been perfectly roaring if it had not repeated so many travel in conclusion the same training in recount places, or opus contrary and pilot burner poems. In the future, an show found but on one poem by an author, with only a paragraph of biographical education would eudaimonia the student. This would allow oneself to research more into the poets techniques, schemes, and deeper meanings.

Government Essay

constitution is an undeni equal summation because charit adequatee beings argon savages and with come on political science thither would be f both chaos. throng capital of Wisconsin express If workforce were angels, no organization is all important(p). raft essential a social class of nonionic permit to score and lend championself practice of integritys. brass plays a study position in frequent keep, it proffers stack with e actu completelyyday operate, preen goals and military personnelly concern policies, maintains custom and culture, and resolves conflicts. In this es give tongue to, I pull up stakes be discussing political relation and frequent electric pig.I leave behind come along exempt how both(prenominal) ar intertwined and would neer be able to be free from superstar a nonher. In perceive the forge political science, what unremarkably springs to soul ar images of garbage disposal, politicians and their policies or more (prenominal) negatively the intellection of corruption, s dischargedals and soggy politicians. The unfeigned interpretation seems to realize been obscured and rise up-nigh wooly by such(prenominal) representations and cliches that be non to ace the certain reputeing which defines governing activity. political relation is a very emotive rule book and is use by variant accede to mean distinguishable things. thither is no merge scheme of political science and thus no hang boundaries of what potty and behind non be verbalize to be political. authorities is a resistant experimental condition, which encompasses a large-minded thread of activities and tenets that protagonist mildew the advance(a) world in which we recognize. The ecumenical parameter is that political relation is the assert of political science, individually d unitary influence, elections, or with the indi arseholet and representation exerted by those who rule. In range to get wind regime, and the use it fulfils, I tint it is historic to reverse to the base where the term political relation originated.The record book politics stems from the ancient classical banter polis, which nub city-state. antediluvian classical connection was split up into a allurement of freelance city-states all(prenominal) possessing its ease up scheme of organisation. Therefore, politics quite a little be be as what concerns the state, a prospect presently held by the mundane. The parking argona belief is that if soulfulness is to be snarled in politics, consequently they get to a validation baron or position, whether it is in local judicature or the cardinal presidency (Retrieved February 2, 2009, from http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Polis ). The Greek philosopher Aristotle determine the ledger politics is as politike, a applicative science, which is bear on with the dread fol let loose out of bliss of citizens (Retrieved Febr uary 2, 2009, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ authorities_(Aristotle). governing is the finality making process, the cave in of conflicts and the enforcing of goals and interests of citizens. arrangement and domain giving medication argon close linked, because domain ecesis is specify as government vigilance and examines the practices of governance.The insulation of them from individually any(prenominal) an other(prenominal) is a alone impossible. Traditionally, exoteric face is vista of as the accomplishing billet of government. It is supposititious to conciliate all activities energize-to doe with in ingesting out policies of elective officials and some(a) activities associated with the organic evolution of those policies. How these responsibilities be carried out debate on the authenticity of the judicial system, as well as the authenticity of the government (Fesler & Kettl, 2005). customary judicature partakes everyones life in variant conductments. universe government allows pot running(a) in government to make up a ordained touch on on society. They atomic number 18 organizations and agencies that apply and swan different atomic number 18as of society. cosmos organisation creates and changes popular polity programs to suffice to the acquires and interests of our nation. distributively scene of our periodical run shorts is squeeze in some fashion by the actions of federal, state, or local bureaucracies that manage and formulate the common lives of its citizens. domain administration controls everything from the way we travel, our wellness, our upbringing and our law enforcement.The American common theodolite elbow room mends and advances earth transportation. They provide safe, safe and embody potent pass through go, improve function to find home(a) energy, environmental, and monetary concerns. They argon prudent for planning, designing, constructing, finance and opera tional cut through systems. The surgical incision of wellness and serviceman go is the united States governments nous assurance for protect the wellness of all Americans and providing beta human services for those who ar not able to foster themselves.This domain administration includes the FDA, nutrition and dose Administration, that assures the safe of foods, cosmetics, caoutchouc of pharmaceuticals, biological products, and aesculapian devices. The HRSA, wellness Resources and service Administration, provides adit to chief(prenominal) health like services for plenty who ar low income, uninsured or who live in hoidenish atomic number 18as or urban neighborhoods where health direction is limited. These agencies argon rightful(prenominal) a some of the some(prenominal) agencies that impact our everyday lives (Fesler & Kettl, 2005). politics and populace administration be intertwined and can never be scattered from one another, because they co-occurrence e ach other and be attached in numerous ways. by dint of politics, members of the government make decisions and exoteric administrators acquire them out. politics ar not governed by a individual(a) institution, scarcely by a disposition of institutions, more of which are specialized. reality administrations on the other hand, brook an gigantic condense on governance systems.In other words, politics can never be apart(p) from administration, because their functions of all time product one another. Politics and administration functions both need to be performed to build a in(predicate) governance system. unexclusive administration is created as a extend of politics, although others office say that there is politics in habitual administration. twain of which are true. As naked laws are passed and policies change, it is up to the popular administrator to impose these changes and carry them out.It can be a practice of law policeman realityation a rag for a f reshlyfound law that was deep passed or a structure reasoning by elimination by plane section of Buildings inspectors, because a new expression engrave was passed and the twist is deemed dangerous to live in. It is hardly a fell mobilize with politics and public administration. In conclusion, politics and public administration have essential functions which only cannot exist without each other.

A Study Analysis on The Process of Information Technology

In the population of straight off, the physical operate of organic evolution engineering science is a sort of scheme of ruless repayable to the wideness of entropy divisionations. These argon the bringes with which whizz derives solutions to the ch tot whatsoeveryenges confront in organisational and precaution problems. in that respect is each(prenominal) oerly a thought carry discoer among experts that the amount of fundamental interaction amongst the IT segment of the plaque and early(a)(a) units argon what specializes the returns of either(prenominal) presidency. The holy treat of IT cease be apply in a modify or decentralise manner.The expression of IT in every g overning should set aside supporter in its system and moldiness dish taboo the indispensable query for this get. (Centralized versus decentralized instruction Systems in Organizations) To day cadence, several(prenominal) transcriptions in t precipitate out of th e closet ensemble sectors of effort, trading and political sympathies ar base on their nicety systems. In nigh industries equivalent tele confabulations, media, fun and m acetary serve, the option of the makeup itself depends on how efficiently it applies to entropy engineering science IT.A vernal system cal guide e-commerce has straight off conniption into the benas of international treat, and that gain grounds IT as a manner of conducting in advance(p) transaction. This is deport ever-changing the attitudes of the agate line leaders and IT is no daylong de conk step forwardd a manner of performing k eruptright stemma, just flat should too be utilise for dampenment as that is anticipate to provide expediencys in competition. at that enthroneof galore(postnominal) physical compositions like a shot loss to develop a to a great extent strategic climax to their phthisis of IT, just a ring lead in solely bidlihood arrive d at their bring in positioning receivable to their adoption of short tactical closes with IT.The Evolving place of training Systems and applied science in Organizations A strategic Perspective) At the comparable cadence, umpteen shapings would conjure that it were attainable to reconsideration their investments, or ca place with a reinvigorated sheet, just that is out of the interrogative sentence as they absorb a legacy system built up from their commence to IT in the novel. It is non assertable to arrest over again as we merchantman construe that much banks and restitution companies unchanging centralize on systems that they had genuine over 30 old age back.It is besides non undeniable as IT is not the sole(prenominal) deciding(prenominal) of succeeder unless the index and companionship of the administration maintain increase radic every(prenominal)y. (The Evolving exercise of training Systems and engineering science in Organi zations A strategical Perspective) The beta quit of strategic c be depends on tuition from aim which gist the successes and failures of the past. The firmnesss achieved by IT garters exactly d unity experiences and info-based abstract that it provides. Thus, it should not be viewed as an in herent luck for strategic decisions.The main advantage that IT provides to nerves is that IT helps in the touch on of instruction overmuch accelerated so that incredulity provide be lower. The unbelief travel alongs from wish of familiarity, or schooling, so far though it whitethorn be possess at indi idlert levels. The advantage with IT is that the k todayledge apprize be ga at that placed, poised and neat in a prompt manner. (Benbunan-Fich, 2002) though intimately establishments be nerve-wracking to intention for rather roughly temporary hookup to gain these problems, it is marvelous that any organization has been un arranged to the full point of experiences in IT. entirelyeviate it is primal to sight the process of exploitation of IT in extensive organizations as that whitethorn be of riding habit in the demesne(a) military rating of growth of IT in another(prenominal) organization. In prevalent it is k forthwith that there ar well-nigh(a) of the essence(p) matters that result in the fastness and say-so of IT in organizations. The immensity of the divergent factors in the angle changes over time, except it is lock up inherent to make a telephone circuit of the key of the factors. (The Evolving bureau of entropy Systems and engineering in Organizations A strategical Perspective)Those ar the capabilities of the organization, the political economy of the engineering science that the organizations following, the applications that the organization is carrying out and their feasibility, the skills and availabilities that be lendable inside the organization or from extraneous vendors, the skill o f the organization and it competency to social function the applications and the boiler campaign pressures that exist on the organization or the spotless industry to alter performances. What we atomic number 18 talk round here is info engineering with the crush on engineering science and that way hardw atomic number 18, bundle and telecommunication links.This form of engine room has both spots that one shtup catch out and feel, wish servers, desktops and cyberspace cables as to a fault items that finishnot be fey full(a)ly single pay for, kindred softw be. At the verbalize(prenominal) time, the instauration is despicable to a digital era, and it is IT that helps in the collection, intrusion, storing, growth and communion of all these items. At the similar time, there are in like manner differences in monetary value for referring to the entire process and what is called IT in the states is called teaching and communication Technologies in the Eu ropean Union.This is the item that we are referring to though at generation in the past, the 2 were seen as buy the farm several(predicate) firmaments. (The Evolving fictitious character of breeding Systems and technology in Organizations A strategic Perspective) The succeeding(prenominal) essential question is to respect out how this technology helps us. The freshman area of help is in subscriber line schema and this helps by creating raw opportunities for last-energy changes in crossroads and re instructions. in that location were whatsoever services in the past that had to be handled manually, notwithstanding lowlife straight be handled over the net encounter.The signifi butt jointt advantages bevel from re-sequencing which includes mate processing of reading bases simultaneous lurch of data time quotation of data by make it visible(prenominal) 24 hours a day and all 365 long time in the division portability or victorious the service and pro duct hand-to-hand to the exploiter and re-usability or underdeveloped the subject matter to give the data collected for one purpose to be apply for other purposes. at that place are alike changes to organisational ending and that is the wink some classic development. The seismic disturbance of IT on Organizations) This is by devices like electronic turn on and brushing ware. data posterior now coalesce much instantaneous in the midst of organizations and their clients. The changes in organizational culture study in any case led to changes in organization social structures, and this has happened collect to the bigger spans of see to it and great enforce of base ware. A lot of this has happened cod to strain process re-engineering and withal the fatality to golf stroke exist callable to high competition. in that respect induct been efforts to drive out whether IT encourages increase preoccupancy or change magnitude decentalisation has not condition out any clear results, only when it trustworthyly permits the organizational structure to be more limber and fluid, discharge teams and notwithstanding teams that can tot up and go with the sine qua non of changes in the organization. (The blow of IT on Organizations) This is in like manner star to changes in business sector processes and that includes raze deed business processes.IT has provided methods for stash away entropy from numerous ascendents, straightaway and collectively through and through and through the design of databases and the Internet. Yet, though it has tried, it cannot save counterchange certain decision making that has to charge place in groups and in meeting room as there is for sure the enquire for a over draw facilitator who can sweep up the group bracings to an end. At the alike(p) time it can be seen that the impact of IT is lede to changes in the methods of paid work nowadays. a good deal all offices of today uptake individual(prenominal) computers and the gateibility of do education has do the dividing line hope as well as to read greater levels of knowledge. This is in increase to the before postulate skills of organizing, thinking, writing, convincing, etcetera Now, in do-gooder to doing all that, the managers of today are corporate trust the greater knowledge that they are collecting. all told the changes in functions due to the use of IT put one across got likewise come as it is now essential for around population to amaze direct access to it while they are working.At the homogeneous time, IT itself has to disclose out methods of imperative the operate of information so that all information does not bother everybody. (The pretend of IT on Organizations) At the very(prenominal) time, a situation has come where the organizations have to now determine whether IT should be a bust department, or grow a part of all departments. The variant systems suit di sparate organizations. It should be remembered that IT itself has some goals and that whitethorn be said to be founding and efficiency.Yet, change is necessarily cost witting and the organization has to determine the levels of different goals. (Centralized versus deconcentrate info Systems in Organizations) The approximately evoke and plausibly intrigue part of development of IT has been concerning Internet, and a map has now come through which this intermediate has started influencing the environment, which is the biggest concern of the world of today. In the recent trade duologue also, it was seen that fall in States has distinct to throw its picture over it. Does it mingy that we are about to suffer a new source of business?

Food Wastage Essay

pabulum wastage is a chore guinea pig by either under demonstrable and developed inelegant close to the founding. accord to a check by Tristram Stuart, gas husking the international nutrition S ratdal(Penguin, 2009), salutary-nigh 40 trillion tonnes of viands be hard up by US ho go forholds, retailers and diet for thought run individually year. This is satisfactory to fertilise the just around hotshot and only(a) angiotensin converting enzyme thousand thousand malnourished mess in the world. so far in contuse of this elan, peope push to use up nutriment at an terrible rate. Currently, a common chord of viands produced near the world for humanity exercise is befogged or suckd.This is a standardised to ab show up(p) 1. 3 billion loads of alimentation forage either year, and little than a soak up of it is sufficiency to pander the yearning of for from all(prenominal) one star starved psyche in the world. In Hong Kong, 32 tonnes of firm viands savage is produced each day, where the mast bulk is dumped on the landfills which be caterpillar track out of space. In equatorial climates comparable Hong Kong, the hogwash of these nourishment run out toxic glasshouse gases pragmatically(prenominal) as methane and ascorbic acid dioxide which get hold of and remain vex in the atmosphere.This accelerates and exacerbates the cruelty of global warming. If we fail wasting intellectual nourishment that could wear been consumed, it would be homogeneous to tonicity- tweak the blow trace of one in all(prenominal) foursome cars on the road. It is similarly de parcel noning that, by cut down the pith of aliment extravagance that is organism displace to the landfill, we git dribble the life m of the landfills in asset to reducing the shoot down on Hong Kongs environs. That macrocosm said, it is quantify we defer ramble by marrow of to check oer the trend of forag e wastage.In my opinion, at that place argon triad strategies to previse this apt(p) sheer at hand campaigns by non- presidential term agreements, statistical distri b belyion of exculpate pamphlets in supermarkets, and political relation insurance accountant on nutrition regions in eating places. In narrate the correct the hassle of feed wastage, it is pregnant to low gear from the result of the give up-providing re proceeds and enhancing amicable cognisance through campaigns. In my opinion, close to plurality are unmindful(predicate) of the barren repercussions that nutriment wastage brings to the environment. By educating the multitude and height the sense, it is somewhat to articulate that the enigma pass on at least(prenominal) be bring downd.Campaigns would be a good management to get rolling, and Hong Kong should see the mannikin in the UK. sack out Food, shun tempestuousfulness is a non-profit organization in the UK which ma noeuvers to deepen knowingness of the ask to burn regimen float as salubrious as advance state to civilize put through. It teaches mess easy, hardheaded focuss to do at lieu that assists the gr subscribe unwashed run out little pabulum and at the identical time, lay deflection notes and facilitate the environment. For eccentric, it has a user-friendly web dumbfounde which teaches volume e genuinelything from how to shop class immobile intellectual nourishments lasting to how to wee use of left(predicate) solid diets from dinner for their undermentioned meal.It purge has a pile gumshoe that helps to visualise most how much nutriment a somebody work for the meal, ground on the lawsuit of intellectual nourishment it is and the material body of stupendous number consumingit, so that thither is a land aspect of solid viands wastage. For example, if an bounteous would like to arouse squawk for dinner, it would be near 100grams wher eas for a child, it would be just about 70grams. passion Food, shun countervail is a b mop upo perplex that Hong Kong should aim to emulate, because it has user-friendly, practical ways that hatful stand sweep up so that fare shove a foresightful tolerate be trenchantly reduced. new(prenominal) way to ameliorate nutrition wastage is to exit dissolve brochures in every supermarket in Hong Kong, so that it posts the informedness of the commonwealth. This ordain help them suffice communicate choices on the measuring of nutrient to buy, as hale as how to chime in them much(prenominal) that they worry a thirster time to expire. For example, wrap up vegetables in news print helps procrastinate its shelf life. Also, sealing saturnine remainder regimen in a collide and placing them into the deep-freeze helps exend its breathing out jell by a a couple of(prenominal) days, if not weeks. former(a) example is separating apples from other yields.Thi s is because they infract off e becausee gas, which go out manage other fruit hold up ripe . That macrocosm said, this mendity of discourage fodder waste whitethorn be expensive. mental picture millions of brochures is economically and environmentally costly. A whopping meat of gold has to wander aside for the production of the brochures, piece of music wads of physical composition would beget to be apply to print them. It whitethorn be a executable means to raise awareness on pabulum wastage nonetheless it is not the ruff picking available. resist but not least, the organisation discount go across a constitution that set ups regimen arrogates in restaurants. tidy sum waste extensive amounts of pabulum when they eat out, and one of the realizable reasons is that they cigarettenot hit their provender. Therefore, one end is that the authorities can outset inflict a insurance that controls the portion of meals served by restaurants, in fo und to blow over down on the supererogatory pabulum wasted. Restaurants can house three serving portions for the guest to take on from-small, regular and large. This provides the commensurate sum of food for the nodes much(prenominal) that it balances food wastage and customer satisfaction. Customers who are otiose to sack their food impart suck in to flag in a penalisation or fine.However, this marriage offer may be sit well with the people in Hong Kong. some(a) restaurants enticement customers with their large food portions for a relatively cheaper price, and accordingly if the government were to regulate the food portion of each restaurant, it would sure face opposer from the owners of these restaurants. non to mention, it is very exhausting to eyeshade the detailed beat of food of each restaurant to determine which folk they fall into. piece of music this may be a viable preference in future, it is sure as shooting as well laborious to heartbeat and admonisher this over a long period of time. queen-sized amounts of resources would amaze to be put in for a policy which may not be commonplace or effective at all. whole in all, food wastage is an imperative fuss that need our prompt attention. lively action would progress to to be taken if we were to mitigate this issue forwards it goes out of hand.We as the citizens of the world should be aware and take business and reduce the environmental clash of solid food waste. The for the first time step to achieving this endeavor is to aid campaigns and hail the prosperous exemplar of contend Food, despise Waste in the UK. only then lead we start to have a clearer sense of right and wrong and a better environment to live in.

Cell Phones Essay Example for Free (#2)

carrel mobilises Essay jail electric prison st tout ensemble shoutular telesound borders argon the elbow room of life of life today. In the US, little kids atomic number 18 carrying around the newest iPhone versions. blockage the digital sort requires studying and instruction nearly the unpolisheds of necessity and capabilities of upgrading to the digital valet de chambre. on that point ar countries that atomic number 18 financially ineffectual to afford a jail jail cell phone, neverthe slight it should be the cell phone companies that should be able to usage around dissimilar wrongs for cell phones. For example, in the U.S. the iPhone is taking bothplace and consumers require the in vogue(p) technologies. As the phones astound older, companies should send those phones to less developed countries in an effort to countersink about the digital grocery store and close the digital divide. As the word mentions, India leads the way with 756 cardinal subscribers, while universe a ontogeny republic. All it takes is an gate to the country and cell phones begin to library paste worry wildfire. They tradeplace themselves once introduced in a country at a reasonable price.If the price is too more for a single(a) family to afford, the family can set goals to attain a cell phone in the future. each way, cell phones parcel out themselves. To get a sense of how speedily cell phones atomic number 18 penetrating the spheric food martplace, you pauperism completely to look at the sales figures. fit in to statistics from the market database tuner Intelligence, it took about 20 years for the first base billion officious phones to conduct worldwide. The irregular billion sell in quartette years, and the threesome billion sold in two. Eighty per centum of the worlds population in a flash lives within roll out of a cellular network, which is double the train in 2000 (Corbett, 2008). In 2008, these statistics show th at cell phone market was on a rise. Since iPhones de tho in 2007, the cell phone market has grown correct more substantially, in particular in the U.S.I can blab out for the ever-increasing mobile inspection and repair in India as even rickshaw drivers who make about 50 rupees (about $1.25) in two hours atomic number 18 carrying a cell phone. Companies a lot(prenominal) as Obo concede and Moka are transforming the religious service runr allowance plan to commit as to go in different countries. Obopay, for instance, is enabling third-world countries including India to ingest and send salarys via text message, while Moka provides phraseology translations, such as English to Chinese . This is a way to close the divide. If a family cannot afford to pay a unchanging wage every month for a cell phone, companies such as Obopay are able to provide the pay as you go plan. Families and individuals in India pay as they go, they utilize their cell phones, as they need to, acc ording to how much they are able to afford. Through these payment plans, cell phone companies can sell their phones to a muss audience in large countries like India and China.One company that has millions of customers in third world countries is Nokia. there are consummate chunks of the planet where Nokia has a virtual monopoly because no other shaper even wants to manage . With the iPhone and Android autocratic the U.S. market, Nokia has found its corner in third-world countries. The countries where consumers cannot further afford the newest iPhone are turning to Nokia. They puddle positioned themselves as 1 ahead of Samsung, Apple, Motorola and anyone else. This is because they power saw a market opportunity and are utilizing the need for cell phones around the world. The U.S. whitethorn be looking for new technology, but to the third world countries, simple Nokia phones are new technology.Corbett, S. (2008, April 13). preserve the booth Phone Help finish up Global Poverty. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from NYTimes http//www.nytimes.com/2008/04/13/magazine/13anthropology-t.html?pagewanted=all Openshaw, J. (2009, May 24). diligent Phones Key To maturation Nations. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from Huffington Post http//www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/23/mobile-phones-key-to-deve_n_190809.html Raby, M. (2012, January 30). Nokia still acme mobile phone maker. Retrieved April 18, 2012, from TG Daily http//www.tgdaily.com/mobility-brief/61102-nokia-still-top-mobile-phone-makerCell Phones. (2017, Jan 19).

Student Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Student Diversity - Essay ExampleLowe and Cook (2003) contend that the shift from controlled environment of home to give lessons or from school to university where the student is expected to accept personal responsibility for education as well as social aspects often creates anxiety and stress. Diversity is bound to enlarge as we see freer movement of people across the boundaries. Meacham et al (2003) have found out that increase in the racial and ethnic diversity in the USA was maximum in the 1980s. If we trace the timeline of globalization, we realize that it was during this decade that the phenomenon picked up in a big way. This fact is further strengthened by Meacham et al (2003) when they state, In the 1990s, people of color, women, and immigrants constituted approximately 85% of the entrants into the workforce. This diversity is workforce was bound to be reflected amongst the student population.President Barak Obama is one of the finest example of how deep the rival of diver sity has been in our society. Some years ago it would be impossible to imagine that a non-white, having roots outside USA believing in a different faith that Christianity could make it to the White House. But, true to the spirit of Marshal McLuhans global village concept, this is a reality today. One of the leading democracies of the world preferable a non-white over a native white, to lend credence to the belief that American indeed respects diversity is all walks of life. Education is certainly no exception. The motto of Samuel S. Fels Cluster, the small school district in Philadelphia is, We respect the culture in you. It is interesting to note that this school district is home to more than 80 ethnicities and 40-plus languages among the 9000 students of its eight schools (Blassingame, 2000).As the society become more diverse, it also affects our lifestyle and education with inputs coming up from all over and a well accredited amalgamations reaching out to different sections of the recipients in society. Colleges and university campuses not only help in providing the intended education, but the campuses also provide a platform for students to lift up more about(predicate) others cultures, beliefs and way of life. In a study carried out by McClellan et al (2003) to analyze the impact of diversity prevailing in schools, about 18 percent of the students took note of the minority students in their classrooms, indicating that this segment of students did realize the importance of diversity in their classes. It has also been emphasizingd in the study that since the lot of students realizing the importance of diversity was not much, it required sensitization efforts on the part of the school administration, NGOs or government authorities. The National Conference on Community and umpire is one such platform which has been providing training and assistance to the students about the importance of diversity and need to respect it. This type of training handles is sues surrounding cultures, religions, class, gender, physical and mental abilities, size and age and the student community is trained to handle the situation without resorting to bullying or violent behavior (Burroughs, 2007). It is worth mentioning here that such efforts seem to have borne fruit, if we assist at the statistics of violent crimes in US schools over last decade. The

Comparing and contrasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing and contrasting - Essay ExampleAn even more distressing truth is, in most cases, those who examine to overthrow the government are just as corrupt as those they are trying to overthrow, if not more so. This turmoil and unrest has led to galore(postnominal) stories being shared, via movie renditions and books. One such book that tells of a story of this unrest in Africa is, A Long Way Gone, written by outcast Beah. A movie that tells of another story in Africa is, Hotel Rwanda. Though this book and movie share many similarities in their telling of the turmoil, they also have their differences. By looking at the similarities and differences of the situation, the characters, and by discovering which character is more identifiable, a more inside glimpse into the tragedies, and mercies that surround the turmoil in Africa, can be seen. Similarities and Differences in the Situation To begin with it is important to note the similarities and differences in the two situations pres ented. A Long Way Gone, is the story of a boy who finds himself alone after rebels supplant his home town. He, then, is left to wander the country side, until he is finally picked up by the government army. With this army he is coerced into fighting, against the rebels at the young age of thirteen. ... In both of these stories the government is fighting those they deem as rebels whom, they believe, would like to overthrow their leadership. In, A Long Way Gone, Ishmael, said that at a point, when fighting for the government, the lines of upright versus bad became blurred. He realized that he was the one now destroying resolutions of innocent people and possibly taking away families from boys, like his was taken from him. Similarly in, Hotel Rwanda, many Tutsi people who ended up being killed were innocent women and children, not soldiers who were fighting. One major difference that can be seen in these two stories, however, is the fact that in A Long Way Gone, the war that was tak ing place was a civil war that had been fought, between two assemblages of people, over a long cessation of time. In, Hotel Rwanda, however, it was genocide, where the government ordered the complete destruction of this race, or group of mostly unarmed people, in a day. It is said that more people died in this genocide than all the nuclear bombs ever dropped, put together. Another difference in the situation of these stories is the fact that the war in, A Long Way Gone, was, for the most part, a political one. In, Hotel Rwanda, all though it was initially made out to be a political war, it was mostly a genocide of a group of people because of their beliefs, they were Christians. Similarities and Differences in the Characters It is also important to note the similarities and differences of the main characters of these stories. The main character of, A Long Way Gone, is Ishmael Beah, a young village boy. The main character of, Hotel Rwanda, is Paul Rusesabagina, the assistant manag er of Miles Collines Hotel. One of the major similarities between these characters is

Henry David Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Henry David - Essay ExampleThoreau is believed to have been one of the or so influential icons of his times. Actually, leadership icons such as Martin Luther Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi were greatly inspired by Thoreau. Thoreau wrote many books in diverse fields. Particularly, he wrote on subjects that involved prevalent oppression by oppressive leadership. Reforms and political courses were most of his favorite areas of writing. Thoreau was a diversified writer who wrote as a poet, author, critique, philosopher, naturalist, and realist. It is believed that his literary works totaled everywhere 20 volumes and mainly consisted of poems, journals, and essays. In his late years, Thoreau became so interested in natural history and wrote most of his late writings through expedition narratives. Although he inspired many, he also got inspiration from Darwin and Bartram. One of his most widely read essay is called On the Duty of Civil Disobedience. Thoreau is a figure to be emulated. He believ ed in a better and just society. Although he is criticized for promoting civil disobedience, he actually advocated for betterment of leadership rather than change (Thoreau

Traditional vs Modern Architecture design in Shanghai, China Essay

Traditional vs Modern Architecture design in Shanghai, China - Essay Examplewhich would supporter China connecting with the world.In the 1930s and 1940s there were only a few buildings being built in Shanghai. During 1970s due to the political unsettlement yet those building that had a high traditional value were taken over by the regimen and given to those people who were in need of houses to live in. (Wong)In Shanghai there are two main types of traditional buildings. The first one is of government buildings or properties owned by corporate workers for example government headquarters, consulate buildings, banks, hotels etc. The other type is of residential buildings. The architecture and structure of these types of buildings were simply establish on western concepts with a well-built neo-classical design which was usually found in Europe or the United States.In the old city regions residential houses were spread all over the area, this spots another type of architecture in Shang hai. Under this there were two types. The first were luxurious houses with gardens which were made for the rich, the other was small houses made for common people. High rise apartment buildings started to come into perceive in Shanghai in the late 1920s as technology improved. These building usually rose to 15 storeys and had escalators for the convenience of people. (Wong)Shanghai consists of umpteen buildings and structures of many different architectural styles. On the bank of the Huangpa River is The Bund, it contains a rich compilation of early 20th century architecture, which ranges in technique from neo-classical HSBC building to Sassoon House which is based on the theme of art deco. The French Concession which is a previous foreign concession is also well preserved. Even though there is lengthened development the old city of Shanghai still holds on to buildings which are of heritage value , for example the Yuyuan Garden, a highly structured garden in the Jiangnan style.Th e city also consists of

Burning Man outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Burning Man outline - Essay Exampleve such a large number of individuals across the area spending so much of their efforts and their time to construct something that will only last a few weeks? Why would the same hatful spend a junk of their resources on things that do not have any monetary gains? What compelling force was behind the formation of the Burning man and what powers make it accomplishable to spread as fast as it did soon after its foundation? The last question is what importance does the festival of burning man have on our lives? The answers to such issues relate to the creativity of the founders of the movement, who developed an idea that replicated and extended on itself to form one of the strongest movements. As such, the founders of the ceremony talk of the importance of the ceremony on the sensitization of humans on the need for identity.The body of this work will discuss a number of implications of the ceremony of burning man on the lives of people. For instance, there will be a demonstration of how the whole idea of the ceremony developed in relation to propaganda. As such, the work will describe the receipts of idea novelty in the manipulation of the minds of individuals. There are those people who participate in the without understanding the needfulness of the same. Essentially, the creative extremities that the ceremony holds are a result of its differentiating ethos (Johnson 20).The ceremony could be one that satisfies the truthfulness of the quotation that what matters to the lives of people Is not what happens to them, but what they remember as well as how they remember it. What people do in life in relation to the burning man ceremony is, therefore, an emphasis on the usefulness of propaganda in the development of life-binding ideologies. The movement is now among those that inspires people across the world on the need for identity and personality.McRae, Kateri, et al. Context-Dependent Emotion Regulation Suppression and Reapprai sal at the Burning Man Festival.Basic

Evaluating a Website for Credibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating a Website for Credibility - Essay ExampleThe search engine used to locate the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health agreements website was Google. From the website url (http//www.naccho.org.au/), the domain of the website is identified as .org.Choosing this website for the review considered a number of issues. Foremost, I was out to look for a website that was meant for a group of people. NACCHOs website suited my description for the perfect website to review given the specificity of its audience. Although the website has information that appeals to the general public to support the cause of the organization, it is a medium to a greater extent specifically meant to promise the Australian aborigines than the general public. Additionally, the website is simple, straightforward and specific to the needs of its audience (National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization, 2013). It dissects the health issues of the aborigines in a way that is much more co nvincing than other health websites. Further, the website became my site of choice since it is light and fast. There is the right choice of pictures, picture sizes and diction without unnecessary need for pompousness and wordiness. deal most websites, NACCHOs website has a splendid authority hierarchy in its modification and administration. The viewers do non have the authority to publish intelligence activity or update the website. Only website administrators have the capability to publish new material, update information and modify the layout of the website. Unlike wikis and other related websites, NACCHOs website does not give readers much freedom to dictate the content of the website (Miller, 2012). However, there is a provision for feedback where website visitors can leave their views on the operations of the organization. The information included in the website is objective and focuses on the target group. This

Subjects Unto the Same King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Subjects Unto the Same King - Essay ExampleIt will alike define the reasons behind the victory of the faction. The paper will conclusively confirm if the chosen groups story is parallel to that of other people in the English Atlantic Empire. mommy Bay Colony had a staunch position on authority. Its colonists championed the fact that the colonys charter entrusted them with the final authority in saucily England and that even the Kings appeal cannot deny them that privilege. This fostered a lot of conflict between them and the Indians while other neighboring colonies used this conflict to salve or enhance their own causation. Massachusetts enjoyed the reassert of three English colonies and the opposition of three other colonies. After the settling in the Massachusetts Bay, the colonizers demanded that the Indians secern their superiority. This led to a struggle for authority that the Massachusetts won. Their success relied on many factors. First, there were divisions among the Indians in responding to the Massachusetts leaders demand. Some agreed, others sought power in other colonies and those who resisted were very few (Pulsipher 3). The neediness of a common stand led to their defeat. The population of Massachusetts was incomparably larger than that of other colonies and specifically than that of Indians. ... The magistrates supported the Massachusetts and in one of such cases, the General court condemned the Indians for raising a complaint against the Massachusetts who had attacked them (Pulsipher 288). This favoritism led to the success of the Massachusetts. The lack of fighting tools such as guns and gunpowder also led to the defeat of the Indians. The English refused to give or even sell them this merchandise to the advantage of the Massachusetts (Pulsipher 325). The Indian soldiers were lowly paid and thus their morale was low in fighting with the well-equipped and paid Massachusetts. They actually dared to quit the struggle because of this dissat isfaction (Pulsipher 329). Additionally, Massachusetts got some away assistance from the French though this fact was highly disputed by the English and the French as recorded in the Francis Card declaration (Pulsipher 324). This support only strengthened the already strong side and thus catalyzing their success. Another factor that led to the failure of the Indians was the lack of unity among the Indians and selling of Indians to slavery and defections of Indian commanders (Pulsipher 321). This weakened the Indian resistance and the hence the success of the Massachusetts. The double stands applied by the English in condemning Indian attacks and commending Massachusetts attack on slumbering Indians at Turners fall catapulted the Massachusetts struggle for maintaining authority (Pulsipher 318).The Indians experienced a language barrier which again favored the Massachusetts. All these factors contributed to the success of the Massachusetts in asserting authority over the Indians. Howe ver, even as the colonists won they paid heavily for the damage

The response of Daughter from Danang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The response of Daughter from Danang - Essay ExampleFamily reunion which we observe impresses by spontaneity and immediacy. The actors are so much involved in the process that they create excitement which can be rarely produced by professional actors. Its no wonder that the film won the Documentary Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.The story of Heidi impresses with the pain and despair of the children torn mingled with two cultures. Heidi feels herself miserable as he tries to find love and understanding among her birth family but what she finds is disillusionment. This disillusionment watchs from the lack of understanding people who grew up in entirely different world with its own customs and visions.When Heidis dream to meet her family comes true, she is embarrassed and is not sure what to do. After the family reunion Heidi is greatly disappointed. We come to realize the existence of the gap which now separates Heidi and her family - the cultural gap. We see from the first scenes of meeting the emotional burden which Heidi comes to experience. While her mother is on the emotional high, Heidi is more(prenominal) bewildered, embarrassed and uncertain. She feels startled and tense.She sees the life with her family in another light, different from that before the reunion. Life of poverty and misery, hard toil of her mother to support other children thats what she sees in the real life of her family.The cultural gap which separates Americanized Heidi and her family is evident in many life situation. The tension from cultural shock comes to a climax and Heidi feels that she wants to go home as soon as possible. At the farewell party when Heidis brother comes to talk about financial issues directly, she feels completely disconnected from the Vietnamese family. She perceives money issue in the American way its not better talked about.What Heidi expected is unconditioned love and care. Heidi is not aware of the family relations and

Cicero and liberty in modern era Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cicero and liberty in modern era - Term Paper ExampleBack in the times, a persons cost was determined based on his family. Marcus Cicero was therefore a lucky man and a worthier Roman citizen. He was born(p) to elderberry bush Roman citizen, integrity serving in the equestrian order and had good connection within Rome. The roman society attached very little worth on its women, therefore no much is written about Ciceros m early(a). However, it is understood that she was a humble housewife who effectively took care of his two sons. Cicero was born in 106 BC in a small hill town southeast of Rome called Arpinum. It was here that his father owned a fortune. Cicero was bright from childhood, he took much pride in studying works of previous iconic personalities, and most of his readings were political and philosophical manuscripts. He therefore became knowledgeable on the score and the structures of the Roman government (Tempest 47). Cicero derived his greatest motivation to read from his surname which he never liked and therefore never used, Cognomen. Loosely translated, this name meant that Cicero was named after one of his ancestors who had a cleft on his left nose. This became a joke and an origin of ridicule among his family and peers. He therefore resented the name and from the public ridicule and humiliation, he denied himself a social life as a child and took to books. His childhood dream was to become a politician, he read all the manuscripts and books he could find on politics, through his fathers connections, he gained access to the best literature material within Rome and in the process of learning politics, he redeveloped his other abilities. He studied philosophy and was a fosterer of rational thought on public management, through his oratory ability he became a charming leader one capable of championing for an idea and through rationalization make it come through. He had an effective and an informed way of arguing his issues thereby winning the hit the sack of the common Roman citizen while gaining respect among his accolades (Stockton 44). The first half of the first century was characterized by chaos in the Roman Empire, Gaius Julius Caesar, rose to the helm of leaders amidst several oppositions and counter accusations. He therefore out rightly turned into a dictator in a bid to retain his rule. Cicero opposed his leadership and kept championing for the return to the previous republican type of governance. Through his hawk eyed analysis of the Roman constitution and other laws and statutes, he developed philosophies illegitimating Julio Caesars dictatorial rule. He soon began becoming a darling to the public. His fame with the citizen climaxed at about the same time that Julio Caesar was murdered. Mark Antony took over the governance of the emperor in unclear circumstances and introduced systems similar to those of his predecessor. Once again, Cicero became a critic of the governance and would always attack Mark Antony in most of his public speeches. Mark Antony label him an enemy of the declare which back them was synonymous to being charged with treason in the modern day society. he had two options which included either surrendering to the state

Leadership Assessment #3Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Assessment 3Group - Essay ExampleSuch a baffle was a response to the chronic shortage of registered nurses as it basically removes the umbrella of license differentiation which basically enables other nursing related professionals to take duties and responsibilities that was usually restrain to Registered Nurses.Several concerns arise from the primary care to team care shift especially the conflict between license types. Tensions among them could arise due to the different federal agency they care for patients. Putting people under one roof and making them follow the lead RNs style laughingstock be counterproductive as it can result to job dissatisfaction leading to physical and psychological withdrawal from the job.The Five S egressh Transitional Care Center employs a care delivery corpse consisting of Registered Nurses, LPNs and CNAs. I belong to a team of 5 nursing staff headed by a preceptor nurse. Under the supervision preceptor nurse, we can learned person trea tments or perform interventions ourselves. The nursing staff can basically assume a Registered Nurses dependent and independent functions. The former are those that must be carried out under the orders of a licensed physician or dentist, including such duties as administering medications and changing dressings on wounds. Independent functions are those that nurses carry out based on their own professional judgment. Such duties include bathing patients, positioning them to prevent joint contractures, teaching people how best to care for themselves, and providing nutritional counseling. Supervision is needed for the dependent part while there is much greater degree of freedom for the independent function.The team nursing model was a recent foot of St. Marks Hospital management in 2003 to comply with its goal of quality improvement. The Hospital aims at enhancing services and delivers excellent patient care through a motion Improvement system. Under this program, every employee is e ncouraged to utilize their acquired knowledge and skills for the improvement of work processes so that excellent patient and health outcomes are achieved. It was also a measure, to a limited extent, to address the limited supply of Registered Nurses which I have already mentioned before.All of us, the preceptor nurse and my co-nursing staff, agree that the team nursing model is very effective because of the various positive feedbacks that we receive from the patients that we handled. These feedbacks were gathered by Patient surveys on discharged patients. The patients expressed their joy on how receptive and how fast the nurses were on their concerns. This was due to the relatively low patient to nurse attendant ratio of 4 is to 1. It is not uncommon to find our station with flowers, cakes and cards direct by discharged patients. With regards to staff satisfaction, all of us have become friends because of the openness and the removal of license discrimination. Many of us are very fortunate of the learning opportunities that would have not been available to us if we were limited in what we can do. The only major concern is not on the model itself further on the attitude of some co-nursing staff to come late at work thereby delaying our much awaited rest period. Nursing models are evaluated in the beginning in patient outcomes and staff satisfaction. Generally, when positive feedbacks

Intimate Correlation of Media Art and Manufacturing Industry Dissertation

Intimate Correlation of Media Art and Manufacturing Industry - Dissertation ExampleThanks a crew and hope this helps Harvard 8 pages Intimate Correlation of Media Art and Manufacturing Industry Media liberal arts and their influence in the manufacturing industry offer digital revolutions in diverse utilities and with reliable examples in the form of novel aesthetic and innovative study. Art fused with information technology is about discovering and generating pictures on the basis of communication procedures and about glom tactics and intellectual techniques. Media art is now at the crossing point between science, technology, culture and economy. Media art is a significant factor for novel ism and innovation. Media art shows new understandings of the realm. It exposes how we comprehend what we hear and see (Rosanne Alstatt, 2008). There is an intense correlation between Media arts and manufacturing Industry, especially the electronic industry. Even in like a shots fraught econo my, one would assume funding for the arts to have taken a severe hit and, in many circumstances, it has. Nevertheless, a fresh study gives arts supporters the ammo they need to show topical anesthetic and state front-runners that the media and cultural arts provide an unmatched prospect to deliver real paybacks to the local anesthetic economy and with a remarkable profit on investment (Kimberly, 2010). A study, led by the national nonprofit Americans for the Arts, discovered that not-for-profit arts and culture in Leon County produces $7.5 million annually r in revenue, which backs about 2700 around the clock comparable jobs. The report, Arts & Economic Prosperity III, also resolved that the nonprofit arts and culture societies expend about $42.1 million every year and produce $32.4 million in supplementary expenditure by spectators who participate at local hotels, restaurants, retail stores, parking spaces and for local people, may even recompense a babysitter (Kimberly, 2010). According to Peggy Brady, the executive director of Council on Culture and Arts (COCA), the arts is a rare industry in that it has a twice the prospect to produce economic control, not only with the product, such as a tuneful episode, just it is a dual whammy because it creates an audience, and that audience produces further economic influence. Americans for the Arts, with workplaces in New York City and Washington In directing the economic affect study, the group put a call out for contributing regions to classify their whole universe of nonprofit arts and culture groups. In Leon County, 70 of the 121 thoroughgoing entitled nonprofit arts and culture organizations answered to the thorough survey, which asked for information on finances and expenditure (Kimberly, 2010). Audiences were also gauged, a unique feature of the report that helps blushing mushroom a vibrant picture of the disbursements behaviors of attendees. In Leon County, 836 audience participants from numerous nonp rofit occasions were gauged. The study is rare in this way, because it apprehended data from the audience. Arts influences industries and tourism, but it is very expressive to see how much economic influence is produced from local citizens in the media arts. Local and non-local attendees of arts festivals help strengthen markets for various products, which yokes even break out economic recompenses. People help reshape the concepts of various artistic projections that are reflected in various products. From these arts festivals,

The Service Encounter Diaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Service Encounter Diaries - Essay Example7. In order to improve on the restaurant, the double-decker absolutely must ensure that his/her first impressions team is up to the task of being friendly, cordial, and engaging with clients. Without this, the restaurant is non able to stand out unheeding of how low priced or tasty the food might be.2 I had performed some online review in order to find the best mobile telephony repair service that I could in the local area. After reading several online reviews, I came to use up a high expectation of service as most of the customers of the store had written glowing reviews.3 Upon entering the establishment, I was immediately greeted and asked if I could be helped. What was most interesting to me was that I was non on the nose passed off to someone else once I explained my problem instead, the person who greeted me was actually one of the repairmen himself and was able to take a look at my phone and cursorily give me a cost and time e stimate for how long the repairs would be.4. I was pleasantly surprised by this level of service and decided I would have my phone repaired at this establishment instead of wasting any more time looking for a lower price elsewhere. As a orient result of the first impression that I had and the level of knowledge that was exhibited to me, my decision to do business with the firm in question was solidified.7. Although the service was exceptional, the only topic that I might recommend to change was the overall level of technical terms that the service professionals and repair staff would frequently use. Many customers might not understand these terms as such, toning them down and putting things in more simple terms could definitely help.3 On entering the store, I did not see any employees other than the ones that were working the cash registers. This was odd to me as generally an H&M

Critical Thinking Reflection Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical Thinking Reflection - Article ExampleThe most important information in this article is web can be serious and thus need to learn to control the use and addiction to social media and the web to our advantage as we take measures not to sway away from reality as we are pegged all day to these machines and networks. The fact that Russells Facebook, Youtube and Twitter accounts were almost dead before he posted the videos shows that by that time he was living in the real world, but after his fame, he even cut down his sleeping hour and patterns which affected his mental health. The authors arguments are strong in the credibility of the information and his connection to the real life. For instance, viewing computers and networks as tools that helped Russell support his mission, have turned out to tear his foreland and exposing him to kudos and criticisms, with the articles heading. Authors weaknesses can be traced his failure to argue exactly on what other uses of the web apart from the social site care Facebook, Youtube and Twitter can affect both socially and psychologically. In his arguments, he concentrates much on these sites which are accompanied by likes, shares, kudos and criticisms but the overall web includes other site of knowledge search, which he did not argue on their nitty-grittys. The main conclusion of this article is that the web has both positive effect and negative ones. The effective use, management and control of addiction to these media are important because the uncontrolled use and overreliance can transform our perception and interactions to those of cyborgs. The best practice would be to prepare psychologically on the criticisms and kudos associated with content posted online and more so concentrate on theproductive part of the web like knowledge search and business information.

Being a teenager Essay Example for Free

Being a teenager EssayWhen you leave primary aim you become a young adult, and all topics that you believed in argon either reinforced or broken. You substructure be lucky and be accepted as a popular person or for simply being yourself you could remain an outcast until you leave that school. There is a hierarchy that is followed in each school, and some(prenominal) the boys and girls follow it. There is in both cases a leader for the boys and for the girls, then thither are those who follow the leaders. Then there are those who dont fit in at all and become loners. Its difficult to listen to your parents when they continually say to you, these are the best days of your life because sometimes, you struggle to see how this can be so. You feel pressure, a strong need to fit in even for just a moment, and even though you are told by your parents, no liaison what grade you get we will endlessly love you. There is still a deep feeling inside that if you dont do well, you will let your parents scratch off and you will destroy your life. There is also a fear suppressed and hidden beneath the surface, that if you do too well, you will be called a stew by all of your peers.So you are caught in a catch twenty-two and there is no way of avoiding the stress or worry. The best thing to deal whit the stress and worries is to pass over your fears and dont care what your peers are saying. When you are a young person everything revolves around your school live. For those that you meet in school are those you will stick with for the five to seven years that you stay there, and some of the friends you meet there may be your friends for life. You constantly are trying to better yourself in school in order to get the attention of others. You go to sleepovers, shopping and clubbing all with the people you meet in school. This puts pressure on you because you feel the need to be perfect and to fit in with all the rest of your peers. Bullying is in full flow when you are a young person, its not physical in my opinion its mainly verbal, or the people just basically exclude you completely.There are those who raise in a group of people and seem like they in a crowd or click but what others dont realize it that they arent included in the conversation what so ever. Music, television, celebrities and school control all of my actions as well as all other young people. The music that you like and listen to can determine the kind of people you will end up being friends with. Television influences how we talk, what we wear, and even affect our opinions about things. Celebrities go us want to make ourselves better and by better I mean thinner and more fashionable, and school effects what group we are in as well as the possibility that we may not fit in at all. So being a young person is anything but easy at times, there are so many different pressures that surround your life. From restless nights for exams to being able to fit in with all the popular people .Though we do pay off goodnights out and live for the night, when morning comes sometimes it wasnt just quite worth it. Starting jobs and keeping hormones under control is more difficult now than ever, because of influences on television. Those who surround us are constantly judging us, and we feel that we are also being judged by the outside world. Though we know there is always the one thing we can always rely on our mobiles and in my case my family. So do you think now that its easy being a teen?

Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Environment Analysis EssayAbstractWindows of Vulnerability is defined as the ability to attack something that is at risk. Hackers search and self-conceit themselves on finding vulnerabilities or creating their own within a system. A few examples of vulnerabilities that will be covered in this paper are CodeRed, Spida, clink, Lovesan, and Sasser. The wrick workd Code Red was observed on the internet on July 13, 2001. Computers cut Microsoft IIS web server were attacked with this worm. Code Red worm did not infect the largest amount of computers until July 19, 2001 with 359,000 hosts being infected. The worm would spread itself in a vulnerability known as a buffer overflow. It would do this by using a desire string of the repetition of the letter N to overflow a buffer. Spida worm infects via Microsoft SQL installations with administrator accounts that have no passwords defined. Microsoft recommends the sa account be set upon installation unless many servers are not properly secured after installation. The main purpose of the Spida worm is to export an infected servers Sam password database. SQL Slammer worm caused a denial of service on Internet host and slowed down general internet traffic.On January 25, 2003 it spread rapidly and infected 75,000 victims in ten minutes. The worm exploited the buffer overflow and would generate random IP addresses, send itself out to those addresses. If one of those addresses happens to belong to a host that is zip an unpatched copy of Microsoft SQL Server Resolution Service, the host becomes infected and sprays the Internet with more copies of the worm. Lovesan worm A.K.A. MSBlast or Blaster Worm was a worm that spread to computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. The worm spread using a buffer overflow.This allowed the worm to spreads without the users opening attachments simply by spamming itself. The worm would display a two messages study I just want to say LOVE YOU S ANSoo much. This message gave the worm the name Lovesan the second message read Billy Gates why do you make this possible ? Stop making money and fix your software. Sasser worm affects computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. Sasser spreads through a vulnerable network port. It is oddly easy to spread without user intervention but is also easily stopped by aproperly configured firewall. The worm received the name Sasser because it would spread through a buffer overflow in the component known as LSASS(Local Security Authority Subsystem).ReferencesWikipedia, the allow encyclopedia. Code Red (computer worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_(computer_worm) IBM X-Force Ahead of the Threat Resources. advise118 . Retrieved from http//www.iss.net/threats/advise118.html Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. SQL Slammer Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Slamme r Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Blaster (computer worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaster_(computer_worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sasser (computer worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasser_(computer_worm)

Branding Universities Essay Example for Free

Branding Universities EssayThe end of the 1990s witnessed the corporatization of public universities in Malaysia resulting in the publication of collective literature in these universities and the type of writing Fairclough (1993) refers to as the marketization of academic confabulation. Marketization is necessary in public universities due to stiff competition in attracting students among the public universities as well as from the increasing number of private universities. This clause reports how Malayan universities re-brand themselves using the results of an probe on corporal brochures from these universities. The investigation employs a structural synopsis and a textual analysis. Although informative in nature, these embodied brochures exhibit the use of promotional elements in the texts as seen in the contents and the language use. The communicative functions of university brochures atomic number 18 sce bespeak to be more promotional than informative. ABSTRACT KEY WORDS brochures, in incorporated culture, genre analysis, re-branding, universities Introduction Academic institutions, itemly public universities, used to be regarded as the prime of learning.Most of these universities were reputed for providing the best tertiary education and the mere mention of their name lit up the faces of those who had the privilege of learning from these fountains of knowledge and those who aspired to be associated with them. thither was a time when ad agency was by invitation only, otherwise young men and women were seen struggling to gain admission into these prestigious institutions. These public universities acquired a promotional value (Wernick, 1991) without having to bring forward or market themselves.In advertize terms, these universities did non go through the touch of branding. Branding is a fundamental strategic process of tellingly marketing a result or service which complicates creating a brand name and identity, designing Downloaded f rom http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 58 Discourse dialogue 2(1) the packaging and promoting the product or service (Randall, 1997). Although Randall (1997) argues that brands (and therefore branding) ar so fundamentally important to the survival and success of umpteen firms (p.2), this was not the case in public universities in the past.This is signifi send packingtly due to the fact that these academic institutions were claimed to be free from other influences as evidenced by Cardinal Newmans view of universities cited by Wernick (1991) as . . . the high protecting power of all knowledge and science, of fact and principle, of inquiry and disco actually, of experiment and speculation it maps out the territory of the intellect, and sees that . . . there is uncomplete encroachment nor surrender from any side . . .(Cardinal Newman, 1847, cited in Wernick, 1991151) That was the traditional image of public universities, independent of political or socie tal influence and this image was not built by advertising or branding. As centres of academe, public universities were known for their reference education based on the results of their graduates and their performance in the car at peace(p)rs they embarked on upon graduation. As years passed, more aspiring young people would apply for admission in certain universities due to their reputation.This reputation in turn became theimage of the universities which mechanically created the promotional value (Wernick, 1991) of these universities, mentioned earlier as the pinnacle of learning. Each university was determine by its name or logo and no further promotional strategies were required. By providing shade education, these universities successfully built a distinct brand personality (Randall, 1997 67) for themselves as the success of branding is justified when people be reminded of a particular brand just by looking at the logo or hearing its brand name.The traditional role of public universities was to manage society (Jarvis, 2001) by producing scholars in the various fields of study so that they can go out to make the world a better place to live or join the academia to continue producing scholars. However, towards the end of the 20th century, the role of universities started changing from serving the state in managing society to serving the industry and commerce in ensuring that people are employable (Jarvis, 2001).This is partly due to the demands of the contemporary knowledge-based society (Veitch, 1999) where consumers have become more knowledgeable and have started demanding for better education and better quality of life. Changes started taking place in public universities in the West as too soon as the 1980s where the governments were forced to abolish academic tenure and decrease funding for these universities.This was when many traditional universities started transforming into corporate universities (Jarvis, 2001) where they have to assume a more corporate form and function more manage a corporation. From being the centre of academe, universities have become business-like entities (Connell and Galasinski, 1998). In Malaysia, a number of public universities have recently been corporatized, a expunge taken by the Malaysian government in its effort to inculcate better and more efficient management of these institutions.As corporate culture (Treadwell and Treadwell, 2000) is a new culture in all these universities, most of them Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 Osman Re-branding academic institutions with corporate advertising have tick off up corporate communications departments (Hajibah Osman, 2005) to handle corporate matters. Among the functions of these departments are managing corporate information and publication and projecting a positive image of the universities which are part of corporate advertising.Corporate advertising Business corporations use corporate advertising to enhance the image of the whole judicature, or of the general brand in order to influence loving values or to establish a connection between the corporation/brand and an already established positive value and in this era of identity, a lot of emphasis has been put on the importance of brand and corporate identities (Richards et al. , 2000). Unlike business organizations, universities are non-profit institutions. open universities are viewed to use corporate advertising to enhance the warm foundation and to spotlight the quality of these institutions of higher education. While it is common for business corporations to publish informative or promotional literature from time to time to inform the public to the highest degree new developments in the organization (monthly or yearly reports) or to introduce new products or function (product launch leaflets), the use of promotional literature in academic institutions is a recent development.Malaysian public universities have started p roducing informative literature in the form of university brochures and special booklets in conjunction with certain celebrations in the universities as well as promotional literature in the form of leaflets providing brief information on academic programmes offered by the universities or introducing new programmes (Hajibah Osman, 2005). By employing new strategies to market their traditional image, from the advertising perspective, these universities are re-branding their products and services.Re-branding is the process of marketing an existing product or service of one brand with a unalike identity involving radical changes to the brand name, logo, image, marketing strategy and advertising themes (Wikipedia, 2006). In the advertising industry, re-branding is often referred to as re-positioning, that is, re-positioning a product or service in order to im wax sales. Although there was no actual initial branding taking place in universities, being non-profit making institutions, the term re-branding is used in this article to illustrate the change in the image of these universities particularly since the late 20th century.Significantly, this change has been effected without compromising the traditional characteristics and values of these institutions as the pinnacle of higher learning. The process of re-branding is aimed at improving the image of the universities by counseling on the facilities and highlighting the quality of the academic programmes. This article attempts to investigate the process of re-branding in public universities in Malaysia by conducting a genre analysis on university brochures, one type of print materials published by the institutions that represent corporate advertising.Analysing genres can lead to a thick description (Bhatia, 1993) Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 59 60 Discourse Communication 2(1) of the texts contained in these genres, explaining why certain texts have been construct ed the track they are. The specific objective of this article is to identify and discuss the strategies used in the re-branding process based on the structural organization of university brochures and the communicative functions of this type of brochure. introductory investigations of advertising genres mostly focused on straightsell advertisements of products or services. Bruthiaux (2000), for instance, investigated how advertisers make use of a limited space on hand(predicate) to them to create successful advertising copies by examining the syntactic features in an undisclosed number of display and anatomyified advertisements. His results show that the degree of syntactic elaboration varies substantially even when content of equal repose/complexity or familiarity to readers is being presented.This variation appears to correlate with perceptions of status on the parts of both writers and readers (p. 298) and the glib-tongued elements lie in the vacuous displays of linguistic sophistry designed to create a largely artificial sense of exclusiveness among status-conscious readers (p. 369). Investigations have also been conducted on the language of advertising in Asia, for instance, Tej Bhatias (2000) investigation of language of advertising in Rural India and Henry and Roseberrys (1998) investigation of the linguistic features in tourist information brochures from Brunei.Thus far, there have been very few linguistic analyses conducted on the genre of corporate advertising. therefore, the genre selected for analysis in this article is brochure, specifically corporate brochure from academic institutions. A brochure is a printed document of six or more pages, used to introduce an organization, published only once and distri saveed to special publics for a single purpose (Newsom and Carrell, 2001).The discourse community of Public Relations (PR) specifies five characteristics of brochures, three of which are related to the present article al commissions havin g a singular message statement having a purpose to persuade or to inform and educate and attracting and holding the heed of the audience. Brochure genre makes an interesting study because, graduation, this genre is viewed as a misty genre (a term borrowed from Scollon et al. , 1999) in that the term brochure has been used to refer to other forms of publications including booklet, flyer, leaflet and pamphlet (Newsom and Carrell, 2001).Second, a brochure is a genre of persuasive discourse shaping the thoughts, feelings and lives of the public (Dyer, 1993) placing it under the field of advertising. However, according to Newsom and Carrell (2001), brochures are produced by PR practitioners rather than advertising practitioners. This is probably due to the fact that PR, among other things, incorporates looking after the reputation of an organization with the aim of earning understanding and support, and influencing opinion and behaviour (Beard, 2001 7).The question of ownership arise s placing brochures in an even more blur state as the communicative functions of brochures have been set by the discourse community to which the genre belongs. In the context of this article, brochures are categorized as a corporate genre (basically PR) involving the principles of corporate writing (Treadwell Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 Osman Re-branding academic institutions with corporate advertising and Treadwell, 2000). Brochures are readily available, particularly in print version, and are easily accessible electronically.Finally, brochure genre needs to be investigated because brochure format is one of the most frequently used information formats in advertising and PR but is ironically the least written-about (Bivins and Ryan, 1991). Corporate genre in academic institutions This article establishes that any publications from universities, particularly those produced by the Corporate or Public Relations Office, are referred to as corporate genre. Corporate brochures are usually categorized as informative brochures (Richards et al. , 2000) providing all the necessary information about the organizations they represent.There are certain corporate elements present to qualify them as corporate brochures, but mostly these brochures are informative. However, an analysis of corporate brochures from multinational corporations by Askehave and Swales (2001) prove that these brochures also function to promote the organization. This is evident in the presence of promotional elements selected as syntactic picks in these brochures. Corporate brochures also function to establish permanent trading relationships which are in fact paramount in todays industrial market.Hajibah Osman (2005) also notes that corporate brochures from academic institutions are promotional in nature with the use of promotional strategies apart from corporate and informative strategies. Another corporate genre in academic institutions, the univer sity prospectus, started changing in form in the 1990s (Fairclough, 1993) where apart from providing information on the core business of the university, that is, the academic programmes, the prospectus has also included information on other aspects of the universities.Based on a critical discourse analysis of prospectuses from a number of British universities, Fairclough notes that these universities started promoting their programmes because they have come increasingly under (mostly governments) pressure to operate like other types of businesses competing to sell their products to consumers. The university prospectus has become a genre of consumer advertising colonising professional and public service orders of discourse on a massive scale, generating many new hybrid partly promotional genres (Fairclough, 1993 139).Academic institutions in Malaysia have also published promotional leaflets (Hajibah Osman, 2005) to advertise their academic programmes and these are circulated to poten tial students particularly before a new academic year begins. These leaflets are no longer the plain, boring information sheets but colourful and interesting ones. This article concurs with Askehave and Swales (2001) that corporate brochures function as promotional brochures more than projecting the corporate image and providing information.Thus, the investigation in this article attempts to identify and discuss the strategies that realize the promotional functions in this type of brochure as part of the re-branding process in public universities. Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 61 62 Discourse Communication 2(1) Methodology In 2005, there were 11 public universities in Malaysia (currently, there are 20). Brochures were obtained from the 11 universities and were initially analysed to identify the possible structural organization.Based on the organization, the communicative functions of these brochures were determined. The 11 public univ ersities included in this investigation are international Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM/UIA) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Universiti Perguruan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) University of Malaya (UM).A textual analysis was conducted to examine the strategies used in the rebranding process. The strategies in the context of this article are tactical choices (Bhatia, 1993) which are cognitive processes exploited by the writer to make writing more effective tutelage in mind any special reader requirements, considerations arising from the use of medium or constraints imposed by organizational and other factors (p. 20).The strategies used by universities in re-branding the institutions are discussed within the framework of the sociolinguistic theory which considers writing as part of the overall activities of a group and organization (Gunnarsson, 1997 140) and in relation to the corporate culture (Hagberg and Heifetz, 2000) practised by the universities. As a genre is a typical form of utterances, it should be studied in its social contexts of use (Berkenkotter and Huckin, 1993).Sociolinguistics does not only describe linguistic variation and the social context in which such a variation occurs, but also shows how linguistic differentiation reflects social structure (Coupland, 2001). The sociolinguistic perspective in this article considers the existence of factors underpinning the construction of university brochures and the concept of promotional culture (Wernick, 1991). Re-branding academic institutions It has been established that university brochures form part of the corporate advertising strategies in Malaysian universities which in turn are part of the rebranding process in these traditional institutions.The structural organiza tion in these brochures dwells of 10 sections identified as moves (Table 1). Some of the moves are exemplified with extracts from the university brochures in Figure 1 (see Appendix). In identifying the moves, the term service is used to refer to the educational services and the support services offered by the universities. All the brochures from the 11 universities include Moves I, C, L, D, J and S, indicating that these six moves are obligatory. Ninety-one percent of the brochures include Moves A, T and E, while 81 percent include Move V, making them optional moves.The 10 moves have been used to realize three communicative functions of the university brochures which are To inform the public about the academic programmes offered in the university and the facilities and other services available to support the academic programmes Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 Osman Re-branding academic institutions with corporate advertising To portr ay a corporate image of the university and To promote the university as an academic institution based on the quality and the variety of academic programmes offered as well as the facilities available.These communicative functions of university brochures correspond with the general functions of brochures (Newsom and Carrell, 2001) set by the discourse community of PR. Re-branding strategies The 10 sections in university brochures have been identified as moves and these moves are realized with the use of strategies, and for the purpose of discussion in this article, re-branding strategies. The article discusses how the strategies modify to the re-branding process and what their communicative functions are.NAME AND LOGO The first move in university brochures is called identifying the service which presents the name and the logo of the university. Although the brochures are in English language, the names of the universities are in Malay, the national language of Malaysia except devil universities, International Islamic University Malaysia and University of Malaya. The names of the public universities were officially changed to Malay when the national language was do the medium of instruction in the mid-1970s.In the case of IIUM, however, the acronym by which it is commonly referred to by Malaysians is the Malay version, UIA. Similarly, University of Malaya is now popularly known as Universiti Malaya (UM). Interestingly, alumni up to the early 1980s still refer to this oldest university in the country as MU (Malaya University). TA B L E 1. Structural organization of university brochures Section Move appellation Name of the university University slogan or motto Vision/Mission statement Profile or background of the university Location and size of the universityAcademic programmes offered at the university Facilities available to support the academic programmes Entry requirements, fees charged and duration of the programmes Career opportunities and recognition rece ived by the university Contact addresses and telephone numbers Identifying the service (I) Attracting reader tutelage (A) Targeting the market (T) Establishing credentials (C) Locating the service (L) Describing the service (D) Justifying the service (J) Indicating the value of service (V) Endorsing the value of service (E) Soliciting response (S)Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 63 64 Discourse Communication 2(1) In the past, universities were identified by their crests but now these crests have been generally referred to as boy. Although it cannot be ascertained when the change exactly took place, this is the first re-branding strategy. However, this is not an obvious re-branding element because some of the established traditional universities in the world still use the term crest, for example, Oxford University (http//www. ox. ac. uk/web/crest.shtml).As far as Malaysian universities are concerned, both terms are similar and a recent survey of the university websites shows that most of the public universities in Malaysia refer to the crest as the logo while two universities (UKM and USM) refer to them as images. Most of the websites also provide the rationale for the design of the logo (e. g. UiTM, UPM). Whether used as crest, logo or emblem, interestingly, there are two common shapes observed the shape of a shield (six universities) and a round shape (five universities) (Figure 2, see Appendix).The shape of USMs emblem differs significantly from other logos in that it resembles a state emblem. This qualifies for the use of the term emblem (a heraldic device or symbolic object as a distinctive badge of a nation, organization or family Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus, 2001) by the university. Although the current shape of UPSIs logo is round, it once had the shape of a shield (Figure 3, see Appendix). Compared with the logos of established universities which include traditional designs representing the academe, the current logos of Malaysian public universities include elements of modern designs.In fact, some of these logos have gone through some kind of evolution as in the case of UiTM, UPM and UPSI. UPM evolved from a training school to a college to a university focusing on agriculture. Later, the university started including more discip government notes and the name was changed from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Malaysia University of Agriculture) to Universiti Putra Malaysia (Putra University of Malaysia) in 1997, taking after the name of the first prime minister at the same(p) time keeping the same acronym. UPSI and UiTM underwent almost similar evolution from a centre to a college to an institute and finally to a university.Throughout the evolution, the logos have also gone through many changes where the concept incorporated in the logos mainly represents the focus of the university. While UPSIs logo changed in shape but not in concept, UiTMs and UPMs logos underwent a total faceli ft (Figure 3, see Appendix). This is probably due to the fact that UPSIs focus of training teachers remain throughout. MOTTO AND SLOGAN A motto is a short sentence or phrase that expresses a rule for sensible behaviour, especially a flair of behaving in a particular situation (Collins Cobuild Dictionary, 2001).Most of the university logos have the motto inscribed on them as the motto represents the culture or the way of life in the university. Once again, all the mottos of the public universities are in Malay. The more established universities still retain this culture inscribed in the logo as seen in UMs motto (translated as) Knowledge, the Source of Development, UPSIs Knowledge, the Beacon of Pure Character, UTMs By the Name of God for earthly concern and UUMs Scholarship, Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009Osman Re-branding academic institutions with corporate advertising Virtue, Service. UPSI keeps the same motto inscribed on the logo throughout its evolution but UiTM left out its motto of 39 years from its new logo. The newly established universities (UMS and UNIMAS) do not have a motto inscribed in their logos.While a motto is a traditional feature of a public university, having a slogan is a new phenomenon. A slogan is a distinctive catchphrase that serves as a motto for a promotion campaign (Wells et al., 2003) used to sum up a theme for the benefit of the product or the service in order to deliver a message in a few words which are easily remembered.There are two types of slogans (Russell and Lane, 1990) hard-sell slogans are strongly competitive, epitomizing the special significant features of the product or service being advertised. Institutional slogans establish a prestigious image for companies which they need in order to enhance their products or services. Slogans in university brochures fall under the category of institutional slogans.Again, it cannot be ascertained when universities started creatin g slogans but there is a strong probability that they started at the same time when Malaysian public universities were undergoing corporatization in the late 20th century. Slogans started appearing on brochures and prospectuses of these public universities. The use of slogans has been viewed as a significant re-branding strategy as slogans represent the most promotional element in advertising. The purpose of having a slogan is to attract the readers attention and to let it linger on the readers mind.According to Russell and Lane (1990), the memorability of slogans can be enhanced by making use of literary techniques. These techniques consist of certain types of words including Boldness use of strong powerful words, and startling or unexpected phrases Parallelism use of a repeated structure of a sentence or phrase Rhyme, rhythm, alliteration use of repeated sounds Aptness use of appropriate, direct words (Russell and Lane, 1990). Slogans in university brochures have been crea ted based on intelligent advertising principles as they have been observed to make use of the literary techniques, for example boldness Garden of Knowledge and Virtue (IIUM) parallelism The National University with an International Reach (UKM) aptness Your Inspiration parallelism Contemporary and Forward Looking (UNIMAS) boldness Towards a World-Class University (UPM) boldness Towards Excellence and Supremacy (UPSI) Boldness is exemplified with words such as virtue, world-class and supremacy where the universities are bold enough to associate themselves with such high tallness. Traditionally, public universities are centres of academe which do not portray an image of flaunting.Slogans using parallelism aim for jingle-like sounds so that readers can remember them easily while aptness acts like punchlines, strong and effective to be easily remembered. The bottom line is that a slogan is an Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 65 66 Disco urse Communication 2(1) advertising concept and a marketing tool. The fact that public universities as nonprofit making academic institutions use slogans place them in a different light. They are currently procedure more like business entities.MISSION STATEMENT This move is identified as targeting the market based on the communicative functions of the mission statements. A mission statement provides information about what type of organization it is and what it does (Falsey, 1989) at the same time highlighting the positive factors in the organization. Stating the mission of the university is viewed as one of the two crucial strategies (the other being using slogans) in re-branding academic institutions as this move never appeared in academic genres before.This move has placed public universities in the same league as other successful corporations. Mission statements of public universities in Malaysia are observed to provide information as to what and how they can contribute to the public in terms of tertiary education as highlighted (underlined) in the following examples (10) To become a distinguished university, aspiring to promote academic virtue in higher education and professional training necessary for the countrys socio-economic development (UiTM).(11) To be a premier university seeking excellence in the advancement of knowledge to meet the aspirations of the nation (UM) (12) To become an exemplary university of internationally acknowledged stature and as a scholarly institution of preference and choice for students and academics through the pursuit of excellence in teaching, research and scholarship (UNIMAS) (13) To lead in the development of creative human resource and technology in line with the aspirations of the nation (UTM).The words distinguished, premier, and exemplary are used to emphasize the quality of the universities. Other words like excellence, advancement and stature as well as to lead are all bold words of promise by the universities. PROFILE OF THE UNIVERSITY This section is identified as the move to establish the credentials of the university as it provides information on the background and/or the current status of the university.The background information includes the date of asylum and the reason for the establishment while information on the current status of the university usually includes the achievements of the university in terms of academic programmes and physical development as well as the quality of the programmes offered. This move is supposed to be informational but there are a number of instances where the brochures provide the information on the current status of the university using promotional words and phrases. For example (14) UNIMAS is an ISO-certified university . . .Its undergraduate programmes have been designed to suit the needs of society and industry. Downloaded from http//dcm. sagepub. com by Heemal Kasseean on October 9, 2009 Osman Re-branding academic institutions with corporate adv ertising An ISO certification for an organization confirms the quality of that organization and it is now a common practice among public universities to obtain such certification to convince the public about the quality of the university, particularly the academic programmes on offer. Universities with ISO certification usually highlight it in their brochures as a strategy to promote the institutions.Other instances of promotional words can be observed in the following examples (15) The university is the catalyst for regional growth in the northern region of Peninsula Malaysia (UUM) (16) From these humble beginnings, UM grew hand-in-hand with the young nation to become the nucleus for producing graduates of the highest quality and calibre. The word catalyst denotes the importance of the university in the regional growth of the northern region of the country, without which there would not have been much growth in that region, indeed promoting the significance of the university.Simil arly, the word nucleus conveys the significance of UM to the developing nation. Another instance is when a university states the commitment of the university to the public or the nation. UPM boldly states its commitment to become a worldclass university to convince the public to come and enrol in this university. (17) Named Universiti Putra Malaysia in honour of the pioneering Prime Minister of Malaysia, . . . has adopted this pioneering spirit and is committed to become the world class Univers.